5）比较法：通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。

[1] For years, ...had been viewed as .... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ..., people ....

多年来，普遍认为的观点是...但是现在人们正用一种新的眼光看...随着...的增长，人们还会...

[2] People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new idea.

过去人们认为，但是现在人们有了新的观点。

6）故事法：先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣，引出文章的主题。少用！

[1] Once in (a newspaper), I read of/learnt..... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern.

曾经在报纸上我读到过这么一段事情...这个现象已经引发了强烈的关注。

[2] I have a friend who ... Should he ....? Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life.

我有个朋友他....他应该这样吗？此类困难在我们日常生活中一直遇到。

[3]Once upon a time, there lived a man who .... This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.

从前有个人...这个故事也许是虚构的，但我认为现在很有现实意义。