牛津实用英语语法:225 if + were以及主语和助动词的倒装

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  A 用 if+were而不用 if+was的情况

  1 通常两种形式都可以用,were更适合较正式的英语:

  If she was/were offered the job she’d take it.

  如果给她提供那份工作,她就会接受。(两者都可用。)

  If Tom was/were here he’d know what to do.

  如果汤姆在这里,他会知道该怎么办。

  2 If I were/was you I would/should…是一种表示劝告的方式,were要比was用得普遍些:

  ‘If I were you I would wait a bit,’ he said.

  他说:“我要是你的话,就再等一会儿。”

  were用于带to的不定式结构的情况更为常见:

  If Peter were/was to apply for the post he’d get it.

  要是彼得申请这个职务,他会得到的。

  3 以助动词置于主语前而构成条件句时,则只用were而不用was:

  Were I Tom I would refuse.

  如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝的。

  if 意为since时,was不能由were代替;在 if only和wish之后,were可以由was来代替。

  B 在正式的英语中, if + 主语 + 助动词结构中可以省略if,同时使助动词位于主语前面:

  If I were in his shoes…相当于:

  Were I in his shoes…

  如果我处于他的地位……

  If you should require anything… 相当于:

  Should you require anything…

  你需要什么的话……

  If he had known… 相当于:

  Had he known…

  要是他当时知道的话……