魔法英语语法手册第二章代词五、不定代词

编辑:高中作文网

  不具体指明代替任何特殊名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。不定代词一般代替名词和形容词,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。?

  常见的不定代词有:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no,以及由some, any, no和every与body, one, thing构成的合成不定代词。?

  1.?one, ones的用法?

  1).one可用作代词,代替前面已经出现过的单数可数名词,以避免重复。若无定语修饰,one不带冠词;若有定语修饰,one就必须带冠词。?

  — Which bike is yours, Mike??迈克,哪一辆自行车是你的? ?

  —You can buy one in the school shop.?你可以在学校的商店里买一个。?

  We like that one, the one with four pockets.?我们喜欢那一件,那一件有四个衣袋。?

  2).ones一般代替复数可数名词(也可以用those)。例如:?

  These books are mine and those are my brother’s .这些书是我的,而那些书是我哥哥的。?

  I have several new colour pencils and some old ones.我有一些新的彩色铅笔和一些旧的彩色铅笔。?

  那些。?

  注意.

  it和one都可以代替前面提到的名词,但it代替的是前面提到那件特指的事物;而one所替代的是前面提到的同类事物,但不是同一件。 例如:?

  The chair is in the middle of the room, please move it away. (代替前面的chair)

  She bought a newspaper and gave it to me. (代替前面的a newspaper)?

  If you need a pen, I can provide one. (指同类的东西)?

  This is a big orange, but I’d like a smaller one. (指同类的东西)

  2.?some, any的用法?

  1).some, any都是表示不定数量的代词,都可以作主语、宾语和定语。后面可以跟可数名词的复数或不可数名词,意为“一些”。some一般用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。但表建议请求的疑问句中用some。例如:?

  The boy asked the teacher some questions.?

  这个孩子问了老师一些问题。?

  Have you any paper? 你有纸吗??

  Would you like some coffee?你想要点咖啡吗???

  2).some, any与thing,body,one构成的合成不定代词的用法与some, any一样。例如:?

  Let’s have something English to eat today.?我们今天吃点英式风味的东西吧。?

  There’s something wrong with your foot.?你的脚有点毛病。?

  注意. something, anything, nothing等复合不定代词被修饰语修饰时,修饰语应后置。 例如:?

  something interesting 有趣的事情?nothing new 没有新的东西?

  anything important 重要的事情?something useful 有用的东西?something to eat 一些吃的东西

  3).在否定句中,some表示半否定,any表示全否定。例如:?

  I don’t know some of the new words. 我只认识其中的部分生词。?

  She doesn’t know any of the new words. (一个生词也不认识) 这些生词她一个也不认识。?

  3.?many, much的用法?

  1) many, much均表示“许多”。many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词。例如:?

  Many students are watching a football match.?许多学生正在观看足球赛。?

  Much work needs to be done today.?今天有大量工作需要做。?

  2)many, much在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语,有时也可以作状语,主要用于否定句及疑问句中(在肯定句中多用a lot of, lots of, plenty of)。例如:?

  Many of the children like playing games.许多孩子喜欢做游戏。(主语)?

  They don’t have much milk to send today.今天他们设有许多牛奶要送。(定语)?

  In much of China, is spring usually very short??在中国的大部分地区,春季通常很短吗?(介词宾语)?

  3)much可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级。例如:?

  You look much better today than yesterday.?你今天看上去比昨天好多了。?

  She likes maths much better than physi. ?物理与数学相比,她更喜欢数学。??

  4)many、much可以后接more,many more代替或修饰可数名词复数,much more后接不可数名词。例如:?

  Li Lin has many more books than I.?李林比我拥有更多的书。?

  5)“many a+名词单数”与“many+名词复数”意义相同。例如:?

  Many a young man comes here for a swimming.= Many young men come here for a swimming.

  许多青年人来这儿旅游。?

  Many a fi is very interesting.=Many fis are very interesting.许多电影很有趣

  4.?both, all的用法?

  1)all代表或修饰三个或三个以上的人或物,也可代表或修饰不可数名词,在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、同位语或定语。例如:?

  All are working hard.?所有的人都正在努力学习。(主语)?

  What I want to say is all.?我想说的话就这些。(表语)?

  He told me all about it.?他把一切都告诉了我。(宾语)?

  All the apples on the tree grow big.?树上所有的苹果都长大了。(定语)?

  Mr Chen knows us all.?陈先生认识我们大家。(同位语)

  注意. all修饰单数名词,表示“全”、“总”、“整”。 例如:?

  Our boss works all day.?我们老板整天工作。?

  all作主语时,如果后跟人称代词,必须在all后加上of;如果后跟名词,既可以加上of,也可以不加。 例如:?

  All of us are from China.?我们都来自中国。?

  当all作同位语时,它在句中位置随谓语动词而定,应置于系动词之后,实义动词之前。 例如:?

  They all worry about you.?他们都很担心你。?

  We are all football players.?我们都是足球队员。?

  all用作人称代词宾语的同位语时,all应放在宾语后面。 例如:?

  Happy New Year to you all.?祝你们大家新年快乐。?

  I'll have to copy them all.?我将不得不把它们全部抄下来。?

  2).both代表或修饰两个人或物,在句中用作主语、宾语、同位语或定语。可构成“both…and”结构,表示“两者都……”。例如:?

  My twin sisters are both fifteen years old.?我的两个双胞胎姐姐都15岁了。?

  Both of them are good at English.?他们两个人都擅长英语。?

  5.neither, either的用法?

  1).共同点?

  两者都可以用作主语、宾语和定语。neither和either在句中作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数形式;作定语时,其后名词均用单数。例如:?

  There are many shops on either side of the road.?马路的两边都有许多商店。(定语)?

  Neither of my parents has come yet.?我父母都还没回来。(主语)?

  —Which one do you like better? 你更喜欢哪一个??

  —Either is OK. 哪一个都行。(主语)?

  注意.

  either也可以用作副词,意为“也”,用于否定句的句末。 例如:?

  You are not good at maths, I'm not either. 你的数学不好,我的数学也不好。?

  You can’t skate well, I can’t either.?你不会滑冰,我也不会。?

  2).不同点?

  neither表示否定含义,可构成“neither …nor”的句型;either表示“两人或物中的任何一个”,表示肯定意义,可构成“eitheror”句型。例如:?

  Neither my sister nor my brother likes dancing.?我哥哥和姐姐都不喜欢舞蹈。?

  Neither my parents nor I was at home yesterday.?我和我父母昨天都不在家。??

  6.?none, no one的用法?

  1).none表示“(三者或三者以上)一个也没有”。none用作名词时,在句中一般作主语和宾语;none代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数;none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:?

  None of the stories are instructive. ?没有一个故事有教育意义。?

  None of the students are late today.?今天没有一个学生迟到。?

  2).no one指人,意为“没有人”、“无人”,作主语时,其谓语动词永远用单数。例如:?

  No one knows you here except me.?在这儿除了我没有人认识你。?

  No one likes staying at such a place.?没有人喜欢呆在这样一个地方。?

  No one seems to be in a hurry. 好像没有人着急。?

  3).在回答how many或how much引出的问题时,用none来表达“一个也没有”;而在回答who引出的问句时,如表示“没有人”,用no one来回答。例如:?

  — How many birds are there in the tree??树上有几只鸟??

  —None.一只也没有。?

  — How much water do you have in the cup??你那个杯子里有多少水? ??

  7.?other, another的用法?

  1) another表示“别的;另一个”。泛指众多中的另一个,作定语时一般后面接单数名词,有时也可指几个,another的前面不能用the。例如:?

  Would you like another banana??你还要一个香蕉吗??

  The ball goes from one boy to another.?球从一个男孩传给另一个男孩。?

  2).the other表示两个中的“另一个(常用于one…,the other…)”。例如:?

  She has two radios,one is new, the other is ol D.?她有两台收音机,一台是新的,另一台是旧的。?

  Only two bikes left. One is yours, the other is Mike’s .只剩下两辆自行车了。一辆是你的,另外一辆是迈克的。

  注意. 有时another可以用在复数名词前,构成“another+基数词+名词”结构,表示“又、再”。 例如:?

  I’d like another two cakes.?我想再要两块蛋糕。?

  In another ten days, we’ll leave for Xin jiang. 再过十天,我们将出发去新疆。?

  We have another three jobs to do today.?今天我们还有三件工作要做。

  3)other, others“别的,其他的”。可以构成“some,others”结构,意为“一些……,另外一些……”。例如:?

  Some are playing basketball, others are running.?一些人在打篮球,一些人在跑步。?

  Some people went to the cinema, others stayed at home.一些人去看电影,一些人呆在家里。?

  4)the others“其余的”。例如:?

  There are three children in his family. One is a girl, the others are boys.

  他家里有三个孩子。一个是女孩,其余的是男孩。?

  注意. 有时在比较级的句子中,用“any+other+单数名词”来限定比较对象,使意义更加明显。 例如:?

  Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 上海比中国的其他任何一个城市都更大。?

  Li Tao is taller than any other boy in his class. 李涛比他班上的其他任何一个男孩都高。?

  8.?little, a little, few, a few的用法?

  1)little, a little用来代替或修饰不可数名词;little表示“不多”、“几乎没有”,在意义上是否定的。a little表示“虽少但还有一些”、“一点儿”,在意义上是肯定的。例如:There is a little water in the river.?

  河里有少量的水。?

  There is little food in the fridge.?冰箱里几乎没有食物了。?

  Here’s a little milk for you. 给你一些牛奶。?

  注意. ①a little除了代替或修饰不可数名词以外,还能修饰动词、形容词(副词)或形容词(副词)的比较级。 例如:?

  This one is a little cheaper than that one.?这个比那个便宜一点。?

  It is a little warmer today.?今天天气更暖和一点儿。??

  ②little表示否定意义。含有little的句子在变反意疑问句时,注意其后的附加疑问句要用肯定形式。 例如:?

  There is little oil in my motor bike, is there??我摩托车里没什么油了,是吧?

  You have little money, do you??你没什么钱了,是吧?

  ③not a little表示“很,非常”之意。 例如:?

  After a long walk, we were not a little tire D.长途跋涉之后,我们都累极了。?

  Don’t worry. We have not a little time. 别着急。我们还剩下很多时间。?

  There’s not a little water in the river in this season. 在这个季节,河里的水很多。 ?

  2)few, a few用来代替或修饰可数名词,a few表示“一些,少数几个”,有肯定意义;few表示“几乎没有,极少”,有否定意义。在句子中作主语、宾语和定语。例如:?

  There are a few flowers here in the early spring.?在早春这儿有一些花。?

  She has a few important things to do.?她有几件重要的事情要做。?

  注意.

  ①few 本身具有否定意义,含有few的句子在变为反意疑问句时,其后的附加疑问句要用肯定形式。 例如:?

  There are few apples in the box, are there??盒子里几乎没有苹果,是吧?

  You have few questions now, do you??你几乎没有问题了,是吧?

  ②not a few等于“quite a few”,表示“很多”,修饰可数名词复数。 例如:?

  There are not a few people in the meeting room.会议室里人很多。?

  Not a few people are learning English themselves.不少人现在正自学英语。 ?

  对比.{ not a bit=not at all表示“一点也不”。?

  not a little=very much 表示“非常,很”。?not a few=many表示“很多”。

  9.?each, every的用法?

  1)each通常强调个体,指有限的数目,尤其指两个中的每一个时,有时可用both代替;而every强调共性,指三个或三个以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,有时同all接近。例如:?

  There are young trees on each side of the new street.这条新街道的两旁都是小树。?

  On every side of the lake, there is a forest.?在湖的四周都是森林。?

  2).every只用作定语,用在单数名词前;而each具有形容词、代词和副词三种词性,在句中作定语、主语或状语,用作单数。例如:?

  Not every person likes this kind of foo D. 并非每个人都喜欢这种食品。(作定语)?

  Each worker is proud of the company. 每个工人都为公司感到骄傲。(作定语)?

  Each of us has one dictionary. 我们每个人都有一本词典。?

  They planted a tree on the hill each. 他们每个人在山上栽了一棵树。(作状语)?

  10.?no的用法?

  1).no用作不定代词时,只能作定语,意为“not any, not a”。例如:?

  Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。?

  There are no people in the park now.?现在公园里没有人。?

  2).no还可以用作副词,修饰形容词或副词的比较级,构成“no+形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构,意为“决不比……”。例如:?

  She is no thinner than I.她决不比我瘦。(她和我一样胖)?

  Your maths is no better than mine. 你的数学决不比我的好。(你的数学和我数学一样差)

  He is no earlier than I. 他决不比我早。(他和我一样晚)?

  3).no可以用作语气词,来回答一般疑问句。例如:?

  — Do you enjoy watching football games??你喜欢看足球赛吗?) ?

  —No, I don’t . 不,不喜欢。?

  11.? 由some, any, no, every构成的复合不?定代词的用法

  some, any, no和every可以和one, body, thing构成复合代词,它们的用法与some, any的用法相同。例如:?

  nobody? no one? nothing? somebody? someone? something?(某事)

  anybody? anyone? anything?

  everybody? everyone? everything?

  Do you have anything to do today??你今天有事做吗??

  I have nothing to say for myself.?我没有什么替自己辩解的。?

  注意. everyone与everybody同义,只能指人;而every one既可以指人,也可以指物,还可以和of短语连用。 例如:?

  Everyone in our family does housework at home. 我们家每个人在家都应做家务。?

  The girl keeps every one of her books clean. 这个女孩把每一本书都保持清洁。?

  Every one of us likes our head teacher very much. 我们每个人都很喜欢我们的班主任。