【题型特点】这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类：一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。

　　【命题形式】这类题主要是针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问的。如：等来提问的。如(1)Which of the following statements is true / NOT true / false, according to the passage?

　　(2)Which of the following statements is (not) correct?

　　(3)In the passage, which of the following is mentioned / not mentioned?

　　(4)All the following statements are not true except ______.

　　(5)All the statements are true except______.

　　(6)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage?

　　(7)When/Where did the story happen?

　　了解这些题目的设计特点对正确解题有一定帮助。一般来说，设计这些题目时，编题者常常会换用不同的词、词组、短语、句型、或其它不同的表达方式来表达文段中某一相应的词、词组、短语、句型或表达方式所表达的同一意思，以此来考察读者对文段中某一信息的理解。解答这类阅读理解题尤其要求我们熟练掌握所学范围内的词汇、短语、句型及其意义和用法。

　　【实例分析】下面是选自全国的一篇高考阅读题。短文后面的阅读理解题的设计采用了替换词汇(单词、词组或短语)、替换句型、转换表达形式等命题方式。我们通过对这些例题的分析，具体了解一些阅读理解题的设计特点和解题的基本方法。

　　The basenji is a central African hunting dog. It comes from a country called Chad, which is north of the Central African Republic. The basenji was well-known as the “silent dog” because for centuries no basenjis had ever been known to bark (吠). Then at a dog show in London in 1953, a basenji actually barked.As well as being clever, basenjis are known for their natural courage and are still popular hunting dogs in Africa. But in America people keep them mainly because they are gentle and full of fun. The basenji has an unusual habit; it washes itself all over like a cat. It is a middle-sized dog, 16 or 17 inches higher from the shoulder. It weighs about 20 pounds. A basenji’s coat is short and silky. It may be brown, white, or gold, or a mixture of these three colours.

　　1. Basenjis were first found ______.

　　A. in Africa, Europe and America

　　B. in both Africa and America

　　C. in central Africa D. in North Africa

　　2. What made basenjis so special?

　　A. They were funny enough to make people laugh.

　　B. One of them barked at a dog show in London.

　　C. They were a true friend of man.

　　D. They were born quiet dogs.

　　3. Americans like basenjis because they are ______.

　　A. pleasant

　　B. pretty

　　C. clean

　　D. quiet

　　4. In what way are basenjis like cats?

　　A. They make gentle sounds instead of barking.

　　B. They are fond of people and look like cats.

　　C. They clean themselves all over.

　　D. They have short, silky fur.

　　5. Basenjis are good hunters because they are ______.

　　A. strong

　　B. fearless

　　C. the right colour

　　D. the right weight

　　【答案解析】

　　1. 该题题干的意思可以理解成 Basenjis’ native country is…，其信息联系点在第一自然段的第1句。根据这一句所传达的信息，我们可以排除1A、B两个选项，因为它们均大于文段中所给的信息的范围 (The basenji is a central African hunting dog)。D选项与第一段的第2 north 这个词，但 North Africa 是“北非”，在“非洲”北部;而 north of the Central African Republic 是“中非共和国的北部”，在“中非”北部，它们表示的范围(或概念)不一致，也可以排除，因此，可以确定C选项是正确的。该题题干的设计采用了换句型的方法，即用 Basenjis were first found in central Africa 表达 The Basenji is a central African hunting dog 的意思。