Large company needs a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little hope of raising the money needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide money for short term finance, they are unwilling to provide money for long term projects. So company turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in the exchange for a share in future interests. This they do by issuing stocks（股票）and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation（流通）the savings of single persons and institution, both at home and abroad.

                                  C

       Moon landing. The computer chip .Genetic engineering. The artificial heart.The achievements of U.S. scientists are known and admired through out the world. But whether American highest position in research and technology will continue into the 21st century is untercertain.32 years after the Russians sent up Sputnik setting off a hot race to produce more and better U.S. physicists, the scientific pipeline is drying up. The reason for this crisis: American education is in disorder. In an Education Testing Service study of five countries and four Canadian provinces, American 13 year children graded last in math and nearly last in science.

       How did America, birthplace of Thomas Edison and Wrihgt brothers come to such a dangerous situation? One reason is lack of enough financial support for science education. After Sputnik, funding for the National Science Foundation, the leading US founder of scientific research, shot up from $ 18 million to $ 130 million. By 1982 financing for NSF education had fallen rapidly to zero. To be sure, changeable funding is only one reason why U.S. scientists are becoming a scarce commodity（稀有商品）.The image of scientists is lesslustrous than it was in the 1950s and 1960s,when man and women in lab costs were seen as national heroes helping the U.S. beat the Russians to the moon. Today, the country's brightest desire is to be bankers and lawyers, not chemists or rocket designers.

10. From the passage, we can know that the computer chip, genetic engineering are____

    A. examples of American scientific achievements

    B. names of modern technology

    C. seen everywhere through the world

    D. obtained by Russia

11. America is losing its highest position in research and technology because____

    A. America students are flowing to Canada

    B. men and women in lab are seen as national heroes

    C. Thomas Edition and Wright brothers died

    D. financial support for science education is not enough and scientists are less respected

12. According to the passage,“Sputnik”is____

    A. a research project of National Science Foundation

    B. the name of an education department

    C. a scientific achievement of Russia

    D. a scarce commodity

13. The word “lustrous”in the last paragraph can be replaced by____

   A. difficult    B. shining   C. smart   D. shocking

14.The main idea of the passage is that____

   A. America leading position in scientific research is in danger

   B. America needs more funding in scientific research

   C. the National Science Foundation needs financial support

   D. American students are not good in science

          11—15 DCBCB