"I went to Beijing" 是过去式，其中 "went" 是动词 "go" 的过去式。

过去式是英语中表示过去发生的动作或状态的语法形式。在英语中，一般通过在动词原型后加上 -ed 来形成过去式，但也有一些例外。

例如:

I walked to the store. (我走到商店。)
She talked on the phone for an hour. (她通了一个小时电话。)
They visited the museum yesterday. (他们昨天参观了博物馆。)

过去式的形成方法有三种：

加-ed，如：work-worked，play-played
辅音+y变y为i+ed，如：study-studied
特殊变化，如：go-went, be-was/were

参考：

I went to Beijing yesterday. (昨天我去了北京。)
She had been to Beijing before. (她以前去过北京。)
He will go to Beijing next week. (他下周去北京。)