Paragraph 5_____

来源：网友 2022-12-21

Paragraph5_____

问题：

[单选,材料题]Paragraph5_____

回答下面的题目：
ScreenTest
EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer．Ifthishappensearlyecough,thediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully．Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear,21countrieshavescreeningprogrammes．Nineofthem,includingAustralia,Canada,theUSandSpain,screenwomenunder50.
Butthemedicalbenefitofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversial,partlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducingcancer．Also,youngerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.
ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160,000womenat11localclinics．Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulativedoseofradiation,theyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.
ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain’sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoard(NRPB)predictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100,000women,18ofthemfatal．ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationled,toalowerfigureof20cancers.
Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis“notverysignificant”comparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated．TheValenciaprogramme,theysay,detectsbetween300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100,000womenscreened.
Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45,becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation．Theresultsoftheirstudy,theysuggest,couldhelp“optimisethetechnique”forbreastcancerscreening.
“Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisks.”admitsMichaelClarkoftheNRP
B．Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution．“Onthebasisofthecurrentdata,forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausingonelaterinlife．That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimisedinanyscreeningprogramme.”
Paragraph2_____

A.HarmScreeningMayDotoaYoungerWoman
B.InvestigatingtheEffectofScreening
C.EffectsPredictedbyTwoDifferentModels
D.SmallRiskofInducingCancersfromRadiation
E.TreatmentofCancers
F.FactorsThatTriggerCancers

参考答案：D

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