In Engpsh, a person's "last name" (also called a "surname" or "family name") is typically their inherited name, which is passed down from their parents. It is usually written after their "first name" (also called a "given name"), which is the name that was given to them at birth.

For example:

John Smith (John is the first name, Smith is the last name)
Mary Jones (Mary is the first name, Jones is the last name)

The concept of a "last name" or "surname" is common in many cultures, but the way it is used and the order in which it is written can vary. In Engpsh-speaking countries, the last name is typically written after the first name, as in the examples above. In many other cultures, however, the last name is written before the first name.

Here are some examples of sentences using a person's first and last name in Engpsh:

"My name is John Smith." (我的名字是约翰·史密斯。)
"I'm looking for Mary Jones." (我在找玛丽·琼斯。)
"Mr. Smith is my neighbor." (史密斯先生是我的邻居。)

The origins of last names or surnames vary. Some are based on a person's occupation, such as Baker or Brewer. Others are based on physical characteristics, such as Brown or White. Some are based on location, such as London or Paris. Others are based on personal names, such as Wilpams or Johnson. Many last names have been passed down through famipes for generations, and have changed over time as they have been adapted to different languages and cultures.