"Punishment game" is a game in which players make choices that have consequences for themselves and others, and in which the consequences are intended to be unpleasant or disadvantageous. The concept of punishment games is often used in economics, psychology, and other social sciences to study how people make decisions and how they respond to incentives and disincentives.

The concept of punishment games was first introduced by economist John Harsanyi in the 1950s, and it has since been widely studied and developed by researchers in a variety of fields.

Here are some examples of punishment games in Engpsh:

The "prisoner's dilemma" is a classic punishment game in which two prisoners must decide whether to betray each other or remain silent.

The "ultimatum game" is a punishment game in which one player proposes a division of a sum of money, and the other player must accept or reject the proposal.

The "pubpc goods game" is a punishment game in which players must decide how much to contribute to a common good, knowing that their contribution will benefit all players but that they will also incur a personal cost.

中文翻译:

惩罚游戏是一种玩家做出选择会对自己和其他人产生后果的游戏，而这些后果是不愉快或不利的。惩罚游戏的概念常常在经济学、心理学和其他社会科学中使用，以研究人们如何做出决策，以及他们如何对激励和不激励做出反应。

惩罚游戏的概念最早由经济学家约翰·哈尔萨尼（John Harsanyi）在 20 世纪 50 年代提出，自此被各个领域的研究人员广泛研究和发展。

以下是一些英文的惩罚游戏的例子:

"囚徒困境"（prisoner's dilemma）是一个典型的惩罚游戏，其中两个囚犯必须决定是否背叛对方或保持沉默。

"最后通牒"（ultimatum game）是一种惩罚游戏，其中一名玩