2015考研英语十二大基础语法 反意疑问句

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反意疑问句

  反意疑问句相当于“对不对?”“好不好?”“行不行?”,用yes或 no 回答。由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是附加疑问短语,中间用逗号隔开,所以反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句。通常的形式是:肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问,或否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问。

  如:

  He studies English, doesn’t he?

  He doesn’t study English, does he?

  They are from America, aren’t they?

  They are not from America, are they?

  反意疑问句的主要形式:

  1.如果主句是be或其他助动词(如can, shall, will 等),其反意疑问句用同一助动词。

  如:

  We are late, aren’t we?

  You haven’t met my wife, have you?

  He can drive a car, can’t he?

  They used to have difficulty in just making ends meet, didn’t (usedn’t) they?

  You’d better eat with knives and forks, hadn’t you?

  2.如果主语带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little等否定词或半否定词时,因为主句本身具有否定意义,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定式,

  如:

  We seldom go to the cinema, do we?

  Sue almost never worked, did she?

  3.如果主句部分是 “I am…”结构,由于”am not” 没有相应的缩略形式,附加疑问部分一般用aren’t I 代替。

  如:

  I am your friend, aren’t I?

  I’m late, aren’t I?

  I am a student, aren’t I?

  在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you.

  4. 在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you.

  如:

  Sit down, will you?

  Have some tea, won’t you?

  Open the window, won’t you?

  这种句子可以理解为: Will you do something?

  如:Will you open the window?

  注意:否定的祈使句之后,只能用will.

  如:

  Don’t forget, will you?

  Don’t make so much noise, will you?

  5.以Let’s… 开头的祈使句,肯定的用shall we? 否定的用all right? 或OK?, 如:

  Let’s go back to our seats, shall we?

  Let’s not have hot food this time, OK? (all right?)

  这种句子可以理解为:Shall we (do something?),

  如:Shall we go back to our seats.这样有助于理解和记忆。

  注意:Let’s 与Let us 的区别:Let’s包括听话人在内,应用shall we, 而Let us 不包括听话人在内,表示“请你让我们…”,要用will you.

  如:

  Let’s watch the news on TV, shall we? (表示建议)

  Let us watch the news on TV, will you? (表示请求)

  6.主句是I suppose, I think, I believe等时,附加疑问部分则往往与that 从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。

  如:

  I suppose that you know the meaning of the word, don’t you?

  (这句话明显是要问“你是不是知道?”而不是问“我是不是这样认为?”)

  I don’t think that you have read the book, have you?

  7.当主句的动词have 表示“拥有”时,附加疑问既可用have, 也可用do,

  如:

  You have a color TV set, haven’t you/don’t you?

  当主句的have不表示“拥有”而表示其他意思时,附加疑问要用do,

  如:

  You had a cold yesterday, didn’t you?

  They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do they?

  8.There be句型的反意疑问句,用there 作主语。

  如:

  There is something wrong, isn’t there?

  There won’t be any trouble, will there? 不会有任何麻烦,是吗?

  9.陈述部分的主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代词时,其疑问部分的主语可用he, 也可用they.

  如:

  Everyone knows it, doesn’t he/don’t they?